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There is significant social and ecological value in conserving larger areas of biodiversity-rich natural forests and reducing economic demands on those forests by increasing yields from planted forests. This suggests that the total value in plantations is not simply a financial equation.
Lower yields mean less cash flow, contributing to wage stagnation. Coffee plants usually take three to four years to produce their first yield, making the crop a gamble at startup, but rising global demand may provide the incentive. A coffee plant wilts in the sun on a plantation near Manizales, Colombia.
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